Afghanistan, August 2011

Each month in the Big Picture, we post a collection of photographs from Afghanistan.  They feature American forces and those of other countries, and they show us daily life among the Afghan people.  In June, President Obama declared that the United States had largely achieved its goals in Afghanistan, which set in motion an aggressive timetable for the withdrawal of American troops. However, the fighting has spiked in some regions of the country. On Aug. 6, the United States suffered its deadliest day in the nearly decade-long war when insurgents shot down a Chinook transport helicopter, killing 30 Americans and eight Afghans.  According to the United Nations, 360 Afghan civilians were killed in June alone.  The surges of violence reflect how deeply entrenched the insurgency remains even far from its strongholds. The war continues.  -- Paula Nelson (42 photos total)

Villager Juma Khan meets with the provincial district governor and fellow villagers at a shura, or consultation, on July 23 at the US Marine Patrol Base Salaam Bazaar in Helmand province, Afghanistan. As mentors with the international coalition attempt to phase out their involvement and put Afghan institutions in the lead, the Taliban continue to gain strength in many of Helmand's northern communities, where legitimate Afghan governance is more of a plan than a reality. (David Goldman/Associated Press)

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A village elder holds prayer beads during a shura in Kajaki, Helmand province, Afghanistan, on July 28. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Now Zad District Governor Said Murad Sadtak hangs his head during a shura with villagers July 23 at US Marine Patrol Base Salaam Bazaar in Helmand province, Afghanistan. The Afghan government officially took control of security in the capital of Helmand last month, as Western influence wanes. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

4

Afghan security forces join the Bravo and Delta company, 2-87 Infantry Battalion, 3rd Brigade Combat Team as they are about to begin a ground and air assault operation in Kandahar province on the night of Aug. 14. According to Major Kirby Dennis, an operations officer, the five-hour operation resulted in the capture of two suspected Taliban leaders and assorted bomb-making components. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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US soldiers from Bravo Company and Afghan security forces prepare their weapons before boarding a Chinook helicopter in Kandahar province on Aug. 14. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Afghan security forces and US soldiers from Bravo and Delta Company conduct final exercises before boarding a Chinook helicopter for the night operation in Kandahar province Aug. 14. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Afghan army soldiers pray after breaking their fast on Aug. 14 at a military base near Herat, Afghanistan. Muslims across the world are observing the holy fasting month of Ramadan, where they refrain from eating, drinking and smoking from dawn to dusk.(Hoshang Hashimi/Associated Press) #

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An Afghan soldier prays at a military base near Herat. (Hoshang Hashimi/Associated Press) #

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US soldiers from the Bravo and Delta company, including one in a tattered uniform, listen to the final briefing before rolling out from a forward base in Kandahar province during a ground and air assault operation in Maiwand district on Aug. 14. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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US soldiers from Bravo and Delta Company transport suspected Taliban insurgents to the Forward Operating Base Pasab in Zahri district, Kandahar, on Aug. 15 following an overnight raid. According to Major Kirby Dennis, operations officer, the operation will reduce the insurgents' offensive capability. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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A US medic, accompanied by an interpreter, examines a captured Taliban suspect, who is awaiting interrogation at the Forward Operating Base Pasab in Zahri district. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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An Afghan National police officer observes what's called the "Green Zone" from the watch tower of a US-Afghan outpost in Makuan village in Kandahar province. Coalition forces have dubbed the area near the Arghandab River and Highway 1 the Green Zone because its thick vegetation often serves as cover for insurgents to make bombs and launch attacks. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Afghan children gather at a vegetable stall along Highway 1 in Kandalay village in Kandahar as US soldiers from the Third Brigade and Afghan National Army conduct a joint patrol on Aug. 8. Nearby in Kelawai village, US troops had launched missile attacks on Taliban targets, killing at least three and capturing two insurgents. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Riyaz Ahmed (left). a refugee, runs away with a kitten he caught Aug. 9 at a camp in Kabul. In addition to those taking shelter within Afghanistan, about 2.7 million Afghans have fled to Pakistan and Iran, said the UN refugees agency. (Dar Yasin/Associated Press) #

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An Afghan money changer counts Pakistani rupees at the exchange market in downtown Kabul on Aug. 10. The Afghanistan afghani currently stands at 47.1 against the US dollar, and 0.550 against the Pakistani rupee. (Shah Marai/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Afghani money changers stack bank notes at the exchange market in Kabul. Corruption and attacks in Afghanistan, combined with unstable markets worldwide, have shaken the Afghan economy. (Shah Marai/AFP/Getty Images) #

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An Afghan boy holds his face as he throws himself backwards to a stream of water in Kabul on Aug. 10. (Ahmad Masood/Reuters) #

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Staff Sergeant Steve Whelan, 26, cradles the American flag as his 101st Airborne unit lands at Fort Campbell, Ky., Aug. 11 after a deployment in Afghanistan. The unit was part of President Obama's 30,000 troop surge in Afghanistan. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Specialist Phillip Garcia (center), 27, of Kingsville, Texas, looks out the window as the plane lands into Fort Campbell, Ky. Garcia was a member of the 101st Airborne Division. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Staff Sergeant Adam Hendrickson (left), 29, of Winter Park, Fla., tries to fit his assault rifle into the overhead compartment upon boarding a flight at Manas, Kyrgyzstan. He is heading home with his unit of the 101st Airborne Division after completing its deployment in Afghanistan on Aug. 11. President Obama plans to withdraw 10,000 troops from Afghanistan by the end of this year. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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First Lieutenant Nikesh Kapadia (center), 24, of Queens, N.Y., waits with comrades of his 101st Airborne unit to go through customs at the Transit Center in Manas, Kyrgyzstan. The unit is returning to Fort Campbell, Ky., after its yearlong deployment in Afghanistan. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Staff Sergeant Matthew Graham, 26, of Kennesaw, Ga., watches a movie on his laptop computer while riding out a layover at the Transit Center in Manas, Kyrgyzstan, as he heads home on Aug. 8 after completing a deployment in Afghanistan. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Sergeant First Class Nathan Marshall (center), 30 of Kahoka, Mo., takes a look at a mural commemorating the World Trade Center at the Transit Center in Manas, Kyrgyzstan, as he waits with fellow soldiers for the flight home. His Fourth Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division, was included in the last brigade to deploy as part of President Obama's 30,000 troop surge. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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At the end of his deployment, Specialist Christopher Aust, 25, of Harrison, Ark., takes a picture of a rainbow at the Transit Center in Manas, Kyrgyzstan, while awaiting the next flight for his return to Fort Campbell, Ky. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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US soldiers talk to Afghan elders during a joint patrol with Afghan soldiers at Kandalay village in the southern Afghan province of Kandahar on Aug. 8. US forces have been accelerating their counterinsurgency efforts to battle for the hearts and minds of the local population. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Captain Max Ferguson plays with Afghan children during a joint patrol with Afghan National Army soldiers at Kandalay village in the southern Afghan province of Kandahar on Aug. 8, while US troops launched missile attacks on Taliban targets in nearby Kelawai village killing at least three and capturing two insurgents. US forces push their counterinsurgency efforts to battle for the hearts and minds of the local population. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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US soldiers keep guard near a canal running thru Highway 1 on the outskirts of Kandalay village in Kandahar province on August 6, as part of a mission to secure southern Afghanistan's strategic roadway against Taliban insurgents' placements of improvised explosive devices (IED). According to Captain Max Ferguson commander of Charlie Co., a Taliban was killed while trying to place IED some 800 meters from the area where soldiers were sealing off the road culvert with iron grids and barb wires. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Specialist Aleksander Trares (right) and Private Lane Shinogle from the Third Brigade Combat Team wake up next to their 60mm mortar following attacks by Taliban insurgents on their checkpoint in Kandalay village, Kandahar province, on Aug. 5, 2011. US troops and Afghan forces repelled the attacks. Since the checkpoint was set up two days earlier, Taliban have staged several attacks. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Troops from the Third Brigade conduct a joint patrol with Afghan National Army soldiers in the center of Kandalay village in Kandahar, as a firefight against Taliban insurgents erupts in the outskirts of the village on Aug. 4. The 140,000 strong US-dominated international military in Afghanistan is engaged in a massive drive to train Afghan police and army to take over before all foreign combat troops leave the country in 2014. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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A US soldier from the Third Brigade passes an Afghan family outside their mudhouse during a joint security patrol with Afghan National Army soldiers in Kandalay village on Aug. 4. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Corporal Amanda Mosher, an Army flight medic from Cheyenne, Wyo., tends to an Afghan policeman wounded by a road side bomb as he is evacuated on a helicopter over Kandahar on July 30. (Rafiq Maqbool/Associated Press) #

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A soldier from the Third Brigade carries ammunition at a checkpoint Aug. 5 in Kandalay village in Kandahar province. US troops together with forces from the Afghan National Army earlier repelled Taliban insurgents attacks on the checkpoint, which protects the western area of Kandalay. (Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images) #

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Soldiers with the 101st Airborne Division fall in following a transfer-of-authority ceremony Aug. 5 at an outpost in Paktika province, Afghanistan. The Fourth Brigade unit of the division is returning home after a year in Afghanistan. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Colonel Sean Jenkins (left), commander of the 506th Infantry Regiment, says goodbye to Major Ed Brady before boarding a plane to begin the trip home upon completion of a deployment Aug. 7. Jenkins's unit, part of the 101st Airborne Division, left a forward base in Paktika province, Afghanistan. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Soldiers with the Fourth Brigade Combat Team say goodbye to Sergeant John Kohne, 47, of San Diego as they begin their trip home on Aug. 6 from a forward base in Paktika province. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Sergeant Randy Shorter, 33, of Long Beach, Calif., arrives with his unit at Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan after leaving Afghanistan on Aug. 7. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Sergeant Dave Carbary, 24, (center) of Sterling Heights, Mich., waits with fellow soldiers to have his luggage checked by US Customs on Aug. 8 at the Transit Center in Manas, Kyrgyzstan, on way home after a year in Afghanistan. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Private Dillon Wall, 19, of Muldrow, Okla., holds his US Customs form while listening to instructions to check his bag at the Transit Center in Manas, Kyrgyzstan, as he continues home after leaving Afghanistan upon completing a deployment Aug. 8. The Fourth Brigade Combat Team's 3,000 troops operated in the eastern Paktika province to maintain security along the mountainous border with Pakistan. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Soldiers with the 506th Infantry Regiment, a unit of the 101st Airborne Division, begin the first leg of their return home, boarding a plane at a forward base in Paktika province. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Member of the Fourth Brigade Combat team are returning home, but they are not coming back whole. A memorial plaque sits atop of a box carrying framed photos of the 19 comrades killed in action during the brigade's yearlong deployment. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Specialist Benjamin Knapp (right), 24, of Madison, S.D., and Major Douglas Moore, 40, of Columbus Ohio, peer out a window as their C-130 plane takes them and other members of the Fourth Brigade homeward bound from their forward outpost in Paktika province. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

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Major Robert Born, 37, of Burke, Va., takes a nap on a pile of luggage in the back of a C-130 plane as he begins the trip home after leaving Forward Operating Base Sharana in Paktika province. His yearlong deployment in Afghanistan is ending. (David Goldman/Associated Press) #

Rohingya - People Without A State

Rohingya people of western Burma, located on the state of Arakan is one of the most ignorant and persecuted ethnic groups in the world. Muslims and ethnic Indians, the Rohingya - a people whose history is marred by all the violence. After the Second World War, this nation fought for recognition as a separate ethnic group, as well as the right to establish an independent state in Burma - a country most of whose population are Buddhists. They are considered "untouchables" and treat them accordingly. Representatives of the Roma in their own country is denied citizenship, they are forbidden to marry, and they have no rights to own land, and their children take to school.

(32 photos)

Since 1978, nearly a million people, representatives of Rohingya fled Burma. Often, they fled on boats, paying a greedy smugglers, so they transported them to Malaysia, Bangladesh, Thailand or the Middle East. In search of a better life, thousands of Rohingya people's representatives decide to flee the country after moving to Thailand by sea and then overland to Malaysia, a country that was "promised land" for the oppressed people.

1. February 8, 2009. - Ranong, Thailand. - Male refugees Rohingya people show the scars left by the brutal beatings that they were subjected to the representatives of the Burmese Navy, when the boat on which they had fled the country, was stopped in the Andaman Sea off the coast of Myanmar. After two weeks of detention, Burmese navy boat sent them away, telling to go to Thailand and warned that they would be killed if they try to return to Myanmar. Thai authorities arrested the group of Rohingya refugees seventy-eight, when their boat washed ashore on the southern coast of Thailand.

2. November 17, 2008. - Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Bangladesh. - Rohingya people living in Myanmar, is Sunni Muslim, and the woman should cover the face in public places. Ethnic minority in a Buddhist country, the Rohingya are constantly humiliated and discriminated against by the Burmese military government, including restrictions on the trips and human rights violations.

3. November 17, 2008 .- Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Bangladesh. - Not far from the refugee camps Kutupalong, about 40,000 undocumented Rohingya people's representatives, who were forced to leave the village where they lived for many years, created a non-crowded camp. Most of the refugees are children, women and elderly people, as men have no right to receive humanitarian assistance from the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees.

4. October 25, 2009. - Yangon, Myanmar. - Not wishing to see their faces, family members, the Rohingya in Yangon show identity cards, issued by the Government of Burma, which identify them as Bengali minority. They have ID cards, when he moved to Yangon for more than twenty years ago. If the authorities find out that they are representatives of the people of Rohingya, their lives may be at risk.

5. November 18, 2008 .- Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Bangladesh. - Abul Aushim suffered from tuberculosis for six months without receiving any treatment. Since it is officially not registered by the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, a refugee, he has no right to humanitarian care, and moreover, can not get access to health care in general in Bangladesh. His family left the refugee camp, where they live, that urgently seek medical help for him. Tens of thousands of Rohingya were full of uncertainty and in fact deprived of their citizenship - they rejected the military government in Burma, and they are denied refugee status in neighboring countries, where they moved.

6. November 18, 2008. - Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Bangladesh. - Bud Ali pleads Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees to provide medical care to his twenty-six son, who died of cancer. She asked the officials of the UN dealing with refugees, send it to the United States for hospitalization. Like most people, refugees Rohingya, she has little understanding of the process of resettlement and is not aware of her inability to fulfill the request. She tries to make the representatives of the UN response to the question why the refugees can not get access to better medical care.

7. November 18, 2008 .- Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Ali-Arab, twenty-six Rohingya suffering from cancer for the last stage. In a desperate bid to provide him with medical care, his mother took him to the office of the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, a refugee camp in Bangladesh Kutupalong, begging to be sent to the United States for hospitalization. The camp doctor explained that it was impossible. His mother, a vague idea of ​​the complexity of the resettlement of refugees, crying and saying that she does not understand why her son can not be helped.

8. December 12, 2009 - Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Bangladesh. - Refugees Rohingya pray for my friend, who died last week at a camp for thousands of bezhentsev.Zhiteli informal refugee camps have no sanitation and access to health facilities because they are not under the supervision of the UN Office for Refugees. Lack of clean drinking water in camps and under-nutrition leading to frequent epidemics.

9. October 4, 2010. - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. - Rohingya Refugees found in a truck at the border of Kuala Lumpur. Involved in the illegal transportation of people syndicates receive large sums of money from members of the Rohingya, who are desperately seeking to flee from Burma to seek a better life.

10. May 13, 2010 goda.-Teknaf, Chittagong, Bangladesh. - Village Shabodip, which is located outside the town of Teknaf, a major port, where refugees are going to Rohingya in order to secretly transferred to their leaky boats across the Indian Ocean to Malaysia. Involved in the transport entrepreneurs to seek higher returns, and almost never used for this boat in good condition, instead of issuing the "route" the old fishing boats. Rohingya refugees of the people sent on a dangerous journey across the open sea without enough fuel and water. More than half the boats that went to Thailand or Malaysia, never arrive at their destination.

11. May 15, 2010. - Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Bangladesh. - An elderly Rohingya living in a makeshift refugee camp in Bangladesh. He fled with thousands of other people from the villages located near the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the western part of Bangladesh after the authorities tried to forcibly Bengal to transport them back across the border in Myanmar. Crowded official refugee camps under the control of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees has led to thousands of Rohingya settle in makeshift camps with no sanitation and access to drinking water.

12. August 4, 2010. - Sittwe, Arakan State, Myanmar. - A woman asks a few Rohini fishies in the fishermen to take them to his starving family. Alas, most of the people of Arakan, practicing Buddhism, refer to the Rohingya as low-caste and scum.

13. August 3, 2010. - Sittwe, Arakan State, Myanmar. - Child labor is widespread among the Rohingya community in north-western Burma Arakan State in. Their status of stateless persons means that the Rohingya can not do much of the work and are denied the right to education. Children who work as low-paid labor force, are often the only source of income for families living in extreme poverty.

14. November 25, 2008. -Teknaf, Chittagong, Bangladesh. - Rohingya refugees are working in a brick factory near Teknaf in the south-west Bangladesh. Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh are considered as a lower social class and face the same discrimination as that which caused them to flee their homes in Burma. Their status of stateless persons can use them as cheap labor.

15. December 20, 2009. - Chittagong, Bangladesh. - Rohingya refugees often live in poverty on the streets. Usually they hide their ethnic identity to avoid arrest and threats from local police. Lack of jobs in Bangladesh, forcing thousands of strong and healthy men Rohingya go begging.

16. October 27, 2009 - Yangon, Myanmar. - A woman begs for the Rohingya Muslims near the mosque. She comes here every Friday after the hold Muslim prayers in the hope that it will submit enough money to buy food for the baby. Rohingya Muslims are treated as an alien element in Buddhist Myanmar, also known as Burma.

17. August 3, 2009. - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. - Hafar Ahmed looks out of the cache, which is used as a shelter during a police raid. Malaysian police regularly raided in search of refugees Rohingya, trying to detain them for illegally entering the country and sent to labor camps before being deported to Thailand, putting refugees at risk of becoming victims of syndicates involved in trafficking.

18. August 2, 2009. - Klang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. - Mohammed Siddiq and his family live in an abandoned hut in the jungle outside of Penang. Rumors of a manhunt in Klang, where they live, often forcing them to hide in a specially designed hiding places to avoid arrest. Thousands of Rohingya in Malaysia and again confronted with violence, police raids, detentions and deportations.

19. August 20, 2009. - Mae Sod, Since, Thailand. - His dream of a home girl from the Rohingya people, embodied at the base of his own feet.

20. August 21, 2009-Mae Sod, Tak, Thailand. - Three-Noor Muhammad's sad to tieh since his mother left in the border town of Thailand for over a year ago. His mother, attracted by the promise of good paying jobs in Bangkok, was sold by traffickers as sex workers. Muhammad was under the tutelage of volunteers, who fear that he may never see his young mother. Countless women Rohingya sold as sex workers every year to brothel owners.

21. August 23, 2009. - Bangkok, Thailand. - Refugees Rohingya are in prison for immigration center in Bangkok, Thailand, commit illegal in this country a prayer on the last day of Ramadan. The refugees were arrested for illegal entry, when their boat landed on the coast in southern Thailand. Many of them spent in prison for more than two years, in anticipation that the Thai authorities will be able to decide their fate. The Myanmar Government refuses to take them back, but infinitely and stay in Thailand, they can not. Rohingya panicky fear of forced return to Myanmar because they are a result of his attempt to escape to face even more severe sanctions by the Burmese authorities.

22. September 4, 2009. - Bangkok, Thailand. - Sultan, a resident of Bangkok slum, home to a large community of illegal Rohingya refugees and migrants. He denied rumors that he was working for traffickers in Bangkok, but most of all, he is among the Rohingya, who earn their living by smuggling business of his countrymen in Thailand and Malaysia. "I helped my family to come here because they have suffered in Arakan," he said.

23. November 16, 2009. - Penang, Malaysia. - Nurul Salam, Ahmed Ali and Yasmin came to Malaysia in search of work, they could not find in their villages in Myanmar. Due to the fact that they are illegal immigrants who have no identity, they are forced to live in hiding in the jungle near the city of Penang, where he worked on construction sites.

24. November 14, 2009. - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. - Human rights activist Ahmed fanatically loyal Zafah their work in protecting thousands of his fellow Rohingya people who are in Malaysia annually. His marriage to the Malay woman is illegal and not recognized by authorities in Malaysia, while his political activities involving them permanent and extremely unwelcome attention.

25. October 26, 2009. - Yangon, Myanmar. - Muhammad Shafi Ullah escaped from his village in Arakan in Burma, along with thirty other members of the Rohingya people. After attempting to illegally cross the border with Thailand, he was arrested and sent back to Burma. Now he is hiding in the capital, Yangon, under a false name to avoid arrest by the authorities.

26. December 12, 2009. - East Aceh, Chittagong, Indonesia. - Refugees in the Rohingya hospital in the eastern province of Aceh, Indonesia, after a two-week sea journey without food and water. Local fishermen in Aceh, who found their boat, drifting at sea without fuel, fed them and brought to the hospital for emergency care. Some residents of Aceh have taken refugees into their homes, their compassion for poor condition.

27. August 3, 2009 - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. - A young girl comes down from the roof of the Rohingya, where she hid during a police raid. Even the Rohingya who have received certification from the UN Commission of Refugees, are not immune from arrest by the authorities of Malaysia, which are regularly rounded up for deportation to Thailand.

28. November 14, 2009. - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. - Mohammed Hussein Ali fled from his native city in Myanmar after the representatives of the Burmese military intelligence, accused him of illegal political activity. A former employee of the local offices of the World Food Programme, Hussein was afraid that would be arrested if he stayed in Myanmar.

29. February 17, 2010. - Bangkok, Thailand - a group of twenty-eight refugees Rohingya under guard at the Bangkok airport, where they will be sent back to Bangladesh through non-governmental organizations. They are one of those seventy-eight refugees whose boat arrived on the coast of southern Thailand in 2009, and were among the lucky ones who were not forcibly transferred back to the representatives of the Thai Navy. Another forty five members of the Rohingya people from this group for over two years in prison.

30. April 25, 2010 - Lampung, Indonesia. - Seventeen were arrested Rohingya refugees Indonesian police in Lampung, East Sumatra. The refugees received humanitarian assistance from the UN Office for Migration for one week after their arrest, but later they were transferred to an immigration jail in West Borneo.

31. April 22, 2010 .- Medan, Indonesia. - Nurul Islam and Shomsul Allam, were arrested for illegal entry and placed in an immigration jail. They have left Malaysia in order to move to Indonesia after repeatedly withheld from Malaysian Police, which regularly conducts raids in poor slums, where Rohingya refugees often settle.

32. October 7, 2010 .- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. - Mohammed Hussein arrived in Malaysia three years ago with the dream of finding a job that would allow him to send money home to support his family remaining in Myanmar. During a trip to Malaysia in the jungle, he contracted an infection, which, of course, no one treated. When he finally received medical treatment, his leg amputated. To date, he begs, trying to survive.